Volleyball Essay Example For Students

Volleyball Essay Title:Blocking in Volleyball Essay Description: Blocking in Volleyball Blocking is a very important defensive aspect of volleyball at higher levels. Blocking is one of the hardest skills to learn, and does not always show direct results. The Body: We will write a custom essay on Volleyball specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Blocking in Volleyball Blocking is a very important defensive aspect of volleyball at higher levels. Blocking is one of the hardest skills to learn, and does not always show direct results. The block serves four basic functions. The first is to stop the ball, and hopefully return it to the opponents side for a point or side out. The second is to eliminate as a much of the court for the opposing hitter to hit into, also making the court easier for the back row to defend. The third is to deflect the ball up so that it can be used for an attack. The last function is to force the use of a secondary (possibly weaker) hitter, or a secondary hit such as a tip or half hit. The basics of the block begin at the feet. The feet should be parallel, about fourteen inches from the net, and about shoulder width apart. The weight should be on the inside of the feet, with more weight on the foot opposite the direction of the most likely movement. Knees should be slightly bent. Hands should always be kept at shoulder height, elbows flexed, and the forarms should be parallel to the net. Prior to jumping a half squat position should be assumed, with back straight, leaning slightly to the net. Ater jumping hands should go up and slide over the net as far as possible. The arms and hands should be rigid, with thumbs upward and fingers spread apart. Before contact, the arms, shoulders, and hands should be turned inward to the center of the court. The body should pike. The hands should be open to surround, and try to catch the ball. There are two main methods of movement. These include the side step and the crossover. The side step is meant for covering a short distance. The body stays square to the net. The foot closest to the direction of the movement moves first. The outer foot then follows sliding back to a shoulder width position. Setting the block involves several variables. These include the distance of the set from the net, height of the set, attacker, angle of hitters approach, what hand the hitter uses, and lastly the position of the attacking arm and elbow in relationship to the ball. Body position is also important in setting the block. The blocker should not be too close to the net, but should not be further than fourteen inches. The outside blocker is responsible for setting the outside of the block in a multiple block. He should set up no closer than one arms length from the antennae, thus reducing the chances of a brush off. The offside (left) blocker should keep their left hand on the setters face, this will reduce the chances of the setter dumping succesfully. 1} There are seven key points in the blocking sequence: -Verbally identify attack options before serve -watch first pass and asses setters options -get into position -time the jump -pike and press to opposite corner of court -lock elbows after hitter has committed to a direction Some common mistakes in blocking are not penetrating the net, not closing the block, fading or drifting past the hitter, and touching the net. A basic drill to start out with is a stationary block. By having someone on a box or chair acting as a hitter, athletes can get used to blocking. The ball will be hit in the same direction each time. The blocker can get used to keeping the hands high, keeping their eyes open, and going after the ball. .ua2fd921a5b42be8c4648f8a907692ea3 , .ua2fd921a5b42be8c4648f8a907692ea3 .postImageUrl , .ua2fd921a5b42be8c4648f8a907692ea3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua2fd921a5b42be8c4648f8a907692ea3 , .ua2fd921a5b42be8c4648f8a907692ea3:hover , .ua2fd921a5b42be8c4648f8a907692ea3:visited , .ua2fd921a5b42be8c4648f8a907692ea3:active { border:0!important; } .ua2fd921a5b42be8c4648f8a907692ea3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua2fd921a5b42be8c4648f8a907692ea3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua2fd921a5b42be8c4648f8a907692ea3:active , .ua2fd921a5b42be8c4648f8a907692ea3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua2fd921a5b42be8c4648f8a907692ea3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua2fd921a5b42be8c4648f8a907692ea3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua2fd921a5b42be8c4648f8a907692ea3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua2fd921a5b42be8c4648f8a907692ea3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua2fd921a5b42be8c4648f8a907692ea3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua2fd921a5b42be8c4648f8a907692ea3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua2fd921a5b42be8c4648f8a907692ea3 .ua2fd921a5b42be8c4648f8a907692ea3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua2fd921a5b42be8c4648f8a907692ea3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: To Kill A Mockingbird: Childhood Experience Essay It is important that the foot work becomes natural. By moving along the net practicing the blocking movements blockers can develop efficiency and balance. To develop timing and adjustment making abilities the 2} over the head drill can be used. In this the coach stands on the blockers side. He then tosses the ball over the net to the opposing hitter. The block must then adjust to where the ball is going and front the hitter. To develop some . Volleyball Essay Example For Students Volleyball Essay Volleyball Essay The sport of volleyball was created by a man named William G. Morgan of Holyoke, Massachusetts in 1895. Morgan was a physical education teacher at the YMCA and called it mintonette. It was an indoor or outdoor pastime that had characteristics of both handball and tennis. The first rules were written down by Morgan himself. He wrote that the game called for a 6 foot 6 inch net and a court of 2550 feet. A match composed of 9 innings and 3 serves for each team in each inning. In case of a serving error they got a second chance just like in tennis. If the ball it the net on a serve it was considered a foul and it caused a side out or a point was taken away. In 1896 after a demonstration at the YMCA in Springfield and the name Mintonette was replaced with the name Volleyball. In 1900 the rules were modified and the height of the net went up to 7 feet 6 inches. We will write a custom essay on Volleyball specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Also a match length was set at 21 points. Also in 1900 Canada was the first foreign country to adopt the game of Volleyball. In 1906 the country of Cuba discovered volleyball thanks to Thanks to a North American army officer named Agusto York who took part in the second military intervention. In 1908 volleyball reached Japan. Hyozo Omori a graduate at Springfield college in the United States who was the first to demonstrate the rules of the game at the YMCA in Tokyo. In 1910 volleyball officially landed in China. Between 1912 and now many of the rules changed and changed again. In 1924 it was demonstrated at the Olympics in Paris under the show of American sports. In 1938 the Chzechs perfected blocking and was officially introduced to the rules. In 1942 William G. Morgan the creator of volleyball died at the age of 68. He felt no jealousy when the sport he created grew and developed. In 1945 the first volleyball postage stamp was released in Romania. In 1947 Egypt was the first Arab and African country to organize a national federation. In 1952 the first womens world championship was held in Moscow and won by the USSR. In 1960 the first World Championship for men was held outside of Europe in Brazil. In 1965 the first world cup was held in Poland and was won by the USSR. In 1973 the first womens world cup was played in Uruguay and was won by the USSR. In 1976 at the Olympics in Montreal Poland won the Mens division and Japan the womens. In 1986 USA won the first mens World Championships. China took the womens Gold. Beach Volleyball was also first recognized. In 1987 the first Beach volleyball world championship was played in Ipanema, Brazil. Ever since a lot of these events volleyball has grown in popularity and is now played world wide and both mens and womens clubs and organizations play at national and international tournaments. At this time in Southern California volleyball is as serious as the winter games in Finland. Both Boys and girls compete year round and the competition is fierce. Not to far behind is the Northern California Volleyball association. The NCVA has put out many of the nations greatest. Many injuries that occur with volleyball run from Bruises to breaks. The most common are ankle or knee injuries since a lot of stop and go and jumping. Often muscles are pulled in the shoulders and back. In volleyball injuries are all too common. Whether its landing wrong or player collision injuries and volleyball players go together like rain and water. Often you may see a girl with bruises all over her knees and elbows but its just from the game or practice she recently had. Volleyball may seem like a less exsausting sport compared to basketball but in Volleyball muscles are constantly stopping and going and movements are very prisice and sharp. A player has to be almost lightning fast and and in deep concentration. .u76bd233907ccdd2b5e39cc01a74c9da4 , .u76bd233907ccdd2b5e39cc01a74c9da4 .postImageUrl , .u76bd233907ccdd2b5e39cc01a74c9da4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u76bd233907ccdd2b5e39cc01a74c9da4 , .u76bd233907ccdd2b5e39cc01a74c9da4:hover , .u76bd233907ccdd2b5e39cc01a74c9da4:visited , .u76bd233907ccdd2b5e39cc01a74c9da4:active { border:0!important; } .u76bd233907ccdd2b5e39cc01a74c9da4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u76bd233907ccdd2b5e39cc01a74c9da4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u76bd233907ccdd2b5e39cc01a74c9da4:active , .u76bd233907ccdd2b5e39cc01a74c9da4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u76bd233907ccdd2b5e39cc01a74c9da4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u76bd233907ccdd2b5e39cc01a74c9da4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u76bd233907ccdd2b5e39cc01a74c9da4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u76bd233907ccdd2b5e39cc01a74c9da4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u76bd233907ccdd2b5e39cc01a74c9da4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u76bd233907ccdd2b5e39cc01a74c9da4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u76bd233907ccdd2b5e39cc01a74c9da4 .u76bd233907ccdd2b5e39cc01a74c9da4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u76bd233907ccdd2b5e39cc01a74c9da4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Civil Disobedience Essay Focus and playing smart are the keys to being a successful Volleyball player. Many of the most competitive players work out every day of the week to increase . Volleyball Essay Example For Students Volleyball Essay The proper technique for a forearm pass is to be in the ready position, which is with arms at 90 degrees from your body. You bend at the waist with your We will write a custom essay on Volleyball specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now shoulders forward and hips are back. Keep a 90 degree angle between arms and your upper body. Your legs should also be bent. My forearm pass wasnt as good as the one in the video. My arms were not straight. I needed them at a forty five degree angle. My thumbs together and down were really good. The video had a good follow through for good accuracy. I also had a good follow through. My ball contact against my forearm felt good. I hit the ball on my forearms on almost every time! I usually hit it over the net. Every time I hit the ball I bent my knees. I think this is mandatory to hit the ball accurate and straight. If you dont bend your knees you will definently not get the accurate results you want when you hit the ball. Being alert and in ready position is good. When you are in this position you can always be ready to hit the ball straight and accurate. Being ready is very important in all sports because you should always be alert. I think I overall did good in the Volleyball Essay assessment. I will grade myself a 3 or a B. I did this because I almost always did everything right. Every once in a while I would screw up, but when I did my forearm pass assessment I did good. I would give myself an A for the effort grade though because I tried hard. I think I deserved a good grade on the assessment forearm pass for volleyball. I thought that the volleyball sport was fun this year. I enjoyed doing that a lot. . Volleyball Essay Example For Students Volleyball Essay Title:Blocking in Volleyball Essay Description: Blocking in Volleyball Blocking is a very important defensive aspect of volleyball at higher levels. Blocking is one of the hardest skills to learn, and does not always show direct results. The Body: We will write a custom essay on Volleyball specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Blocking in Volleyball Blocking is a very important defensive aspect of volleyball at higher levels. Blocking is one of the hardest skills to learn, and does not always show direct results. The block serves four basic functions. The first is to stop the ball, and hopefully return it to the opponents side for a point or side out. The second is to eliminate as a much of the court for the opposing hitter to hit into, also making the court easier for the back row to defend. The third is to deflect the ball up so that it can be used for an attack. The last function is to force the use of a secondary (possibly weaker) hitter, or a secondary hit such as a tip or half hit. The basics of the block begin at the feet. The feet should be parallel, about fourteen inches from the net, and about shoulder width apart. The weight should be on the inside of the feet, with more weight on the foot opposite the direction of the most likely movement. Knees should be slightly bent. Hands should always be kept at shoulder height, elbows flexed, and the forarms should be parallel to the net. Prior to jumping a half squat position should be assumed, with back straight, leaning slightly to the net. Ater jumping hands should go up and slide over the net as far as possible. The arms and hands should be rigid, with thumbs upward and fingers spread apart. Before contact, the arms, shoulders, and hands should be turned inward to the center of the court. The body should pike. The hands should be open to surround, and try to catch the ball. There are two main methods of movement. These include the side step and the crossover. The side step is meant for covering a short distance. The body stays square to the net. The foot closest to the direction of the movement moves first. The outer foot then follows sliding back to a shoulder width position. Setting the block involves several variables. These include the distance of the set from the net, height of the set, attacker, angle of hitters approach, what hand the hitter uses, and lastly the position of the attacking arm and elbow in relationship to the ball. Body position is also important in setting the block. The blocker should not be too close to the net, but should not be further than fourteen inches. The outside blocker is responsible for setting the outside of the block in a multiple block. He should set up no closer than one arms length from the antennae, thus reducing the chances of a brush off. The offside (left) blocker should keep their left hand on the setters face, this will reduce the chances of the setter dumping succesfully. {1} There are seven key points in the blocking sequence: -Verbally identify attack options before serve -watch first pass and asses setters options -get into position -time the jump -pike and press to opposite corner of court -lock elbows after hitter has committed to a direction Some common mistakes in blocking are not penetrating the net, not closing the block, fading or drifting past the hitter, and touching the net. A basic drill to start out with is a stationary block. By having someone on a box or chair acting as a hitter, athletes can get used to blocking. The ball will be hit in the same direction each time. The blocker can get used to keeping the hands high, keeping their eyes open, and going after the ball. .u5ef58321c92aee54dcce853962f6584f , .u5ef58321c92aee54dcce853962f6584f .postImageUrl , .u5ef58321c92aee54dcce853962f6584f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5ef58321c92aee54dcce853962f6584f , .u5ef58321c92aee54dcce853962f6584f:hover , .u5ef58321c92aee54dcce853962f6584f:visited , .u5ef58321c92aee54dcce853962f6584f:active { border:0!important; } .u5ef58321c92aee54dcce853962f6584f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5ef58321c92aee54dcce853962f6584f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5ef58321c92aee54dcce853962f6584f:active , .u5ef58321c92aee54dcce853962f6584f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5ef58321c92aee54dcce853962f6584f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5ef58321c92aee54dcce853962f6584f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5ef58321c92aee54dcce853962f6584f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5ef58321c92aee54dcce853962f6584f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5ef58321c92aee54dcce853962f6584f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5ef58321c92aee54dcce853962f6584f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5ef58321c92aee54dcce853962f6584f .u5ef58321c92aee54dcce853962f6584f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5ef58321c92aee54dcce853962f6584f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Lymphoma Essay It is important that the foot work becomes natural. By moving along the net practicing the blocking movements blockers can develop efficiency and balance. To develop timing and adjustment making abilities the {2} over the head drill can be used. In this the coach stands on the blockers side. He then tosses the ball over the net to the opposing hitter. The block must then adjust to where the ball is going and front the hitter. To develop some . Volleyball Essay Example For Students Volleyball Essay History The sport of Volleyball Essay originated in the United States, and is now just achieving the type of popularity in the U.S. that it has received on a global basis, where it ranks behind only soccer among participation sports. Today there are more than 46 million Americans who play volleyball. There are 800 million players worldwide who play Volleyball at least once a week. In 1895, William G. Morgan an instructor at the Young Mens Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Mass., decided to blend elements of basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball to create a game for his classes of businessmen which would demand less physical contact than basketball. He created the game of Volleyball (at that time called mintonette). Morgan borrowed the net from tennis, and raised it 6 feet 6 inches above the floor, just above the average mans head. We will write a custom essay on Volleyball specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now During a demonstration game, someone remarked to Morgan that the players seemed to be volleying the ball back and forth over the net, and perhaps volleyball would be a more descriptive name for the sport. On July 7, 1900 at Springfield College the first game of volleyball was played. In 1900, a special ball was designed for the sport. Volleyball can be played indoors and outdoors. It was adopted as an indoor Olympic sport in 1964 at Tokyo. In 1984 the United States men and women won their first Olympic Volleyball medals. In 1996, two-person beach volleyball was approved as an Olympic Sport. Todays NCAA Volleyball is more popular and exciting than ever. Some top collegian programs include Long Beach State, Penn State, BYU, UCLA, Hawaii and Stanford. Some of the best players ever to play the sport include Karch Kiraly, Gabrielle Reese, Sinjin Smith, Misty May and Ryan Millar. Today the game of volleyball requires team strategies and highly refined individual skills. Outdoor volleyball, which is played with two or four people for each side, is becoming more and more popular across the nation Overview A typical volleyball game lasts about 25 minutes. It is a team sport played by two teams consisting of six people on a playing court divided by a net. The object of the game is for each team to send the ball regularly over a net in order to ground it on the opponents side, and to prevent the opponents from doing the same. The ball is put into play by the right back row player who serves the ball into their opponents court. The rally continues until the ball is grounded on the playing court, goes out or a team fails to return it properly. Only the team, which is serving, can score a point. The players are split into back and front row; the players in the front are usually the key hitters and the ones who will get the ball passes/set to. The players in the back row normally concentrate on defense and passing the ball to the setter who is the main person in the offensive attack. A team wins a game by scoring 15 points with a two-point advantage; and the match by winning the best three of five games. In a deciding, fifth game, which is called a rally game, a point is scored no matter which team is serving. A team earns a point when serving and when they side-out. Rules A team is allowed to hit the ball three times (not counting a block contact) to return it to the opponents court. A player may not catch, lift, scoop, or throw the ball. They also may not hit the ball twice consecutively when attempting a pass or block. In a regular volleyball game, only the serving team may score a point. A player may serve anywhere behind the backline, but between the courts boundary/side lines. A point is scored if the serving team wins the rally. If the serving team does not win the rally then it is a side-out to the other team. When the receiving team wins a rally, it gains the right to serve, and its players rotate one position clockwise. For instance, the player in the right back move to middle back, the player in left back moves to left front. .ub5b84d1fb1922e6b34527e2ec138f719 , .ub5b84d1fb1922e6b34527e2ec138f719 .postImageUrl , .ub5b84d1fb1922e6b34527e2ec138f719 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub5b84d1fb1922e6b34527e2ec138f719 , .ub5b84d1fb1922e6b34527e2ec138f719:hover , .ub5b84d1fb1922e6b34527e2ec138f719:visited , .ub5b84d1fb1922e6b34527e2ec138f719:active { border:0!important; } .ub5b84d1fb1922e6b34527e2ec138f719 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub5b84d1fb1922e6b34527e2ec138f719 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub5b84d1fb1922e6b34527e2ec138f719:active , .ub5b84d1fb1922e6b34527e2ec138f719:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub5b84d1fb1922e6b34527e2ec138f719 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub5b84d1fb1922e6b34527e2ec138f719 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub5b84d1fb1922e6b34527e2ec138f719 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub5b84d1fb1922e6b34527e2ec138f719 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub5b84d1fb1922e6b34527e2ec138f719:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub5b84d1fb1922e6b34527e2ec138f719 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub5b84d1fb1922e6b34527e2ec138f719 .ub5b84d1fb1922e6b34527e2ec138f719-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub5b84d1fb1922e6b34527e2ec138f719:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Christopher Columbus Essay Rotation ensures that players play both the front row and the back .

The Geography of Oceania, the Pacific Islands

The Geography of Oceania, the Pacific Islands Oceania is the name of the region consisting of island groups within the Central and South Pacific Ocean. It spans over 3.3 million square miles (8.5 million sq km). Some of the countries included in Oceania are Australia, New Zealand, Tuvalu, Samoa, Tonga, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, Palau, Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, Kiribati,  and Nauru. Oceania also includes several dependencies and territories such as American Samoa, Johnston Atoll,  and French Polynesia. Physical Geography In terms of its physical geography, the islands of Oceania are often divided into four different sub-regions based on the geologic processes playing a role in their physical development. The first of these is Australia. It is separated because of its location in the middle of the Indo-Australian Plate and the fact that, due to its location, there was no mountain building during its development. Instead, Australias current physical landscape features were formed mainly by erosion. The second landscape category in Oceania is the islands found on the collision boundaries between the Earths crustal plates. These are found specifically in the South Pacific. For example, at the collision boundary between the Indo-Australian and Pacific plates are places like New Zealand, Papua New Guinea,  and the Solomon Islands. The North Pacific portion of Oceania also features these types of landscapes along the Eurasian and Pacific plates. These plate collisions are responsible for the formation of mountains like those in New Zealand, which climb to over 10,000 feet (3,000 m). Volcanic islands such as Fiji are the third category of landscape types found in Oceania. These islands typically rise from the seafloor through hotspots in the Pacific Ocean basin. Most of these areas consist of very small islands with high mountain ranges. Finally, coral reef islands and atolls such as Tuvalu are the last type of landscape found in Oceania. Atolls specifically are responsible for the formation of low-lying land regions, some with enclosed lagoons. Climate Most of Oceania is divided into two climate zones. The first of these is temperate and the second is tropical. Most of Australia and all of New Zealand are within the temperate zone and most of the island areas in the Pacific are considered tropical. Oceanias temperate regions feature high levels of precipitation, cold winters, and warm to hot summers. The tropical regions in Oceania are hot and wet year round. In addition to these climatic zones, most of Oceania is impacted by continuous trade winds and sometimes hurricanes (called tropical cyclones in Oceania) which have historically caused catastrophic damage to countries and islands in the region. Flora and Fauna Because most of Oceania is tropical or temperate, there is an abundant amount of rainfall which produces tropical and temperate rainforests throughout the region. Tropical rainforests are common in some of the island countries located near the tropics, while temperate rainforests are common in New Zealand. In both of these types of forests, there is a plethora of plant and animal species, making Oceania one of the worlds most biodiverse regions. It is important to note, however, that not all of Oceania receives abundant rainfall, and portions of the region are arid or semiarid. Australia, for example, features large areas of arid land which have little vegetation. In addition, El Nià ±o has caused frequent droughts in recent decades in Northern Australia and Papua New Guinea. Oceanias fauna, like its flora, is also extremely biodiverse. Because much of the area consists of islands, unique species of birds, animals,  and insects evolved out of isolation from others. The presence of coral reefs such as the Great Barrier Reef and Kingman Reef also represent large areas of biodiversity and some are considered biodiversity hotspots. Population Most recently in 2018, Oceanias population was around 41 million people, with the majority centered in Australia and New Zealand. Those two countries alone accounted for more than 28 million people, while Papua New Guinea had a population of over 8 million. The remaining population of Oceania is scattered around the various islands making up the region. Urbanization Like its population distribution, urbanization and industrialization also vary in Oceania. 89% of Oceanias urban areas are in Australia and New Zealand and these countries also have the most well-established infrastructure. Australia, in particular, has many raw minerals and energy sources, and manufacturing is a large part of its and Oceanias economy. The rest of Oceania and specifically the Pacific islands are not well developed. Some of the islands have rich natural resources, but the majority do not. In addition, some of the island nations do not even have enough clean drinking water or food to supply to their citizens. Agriculture Agriculture is also important in Oceania and there are three types which are common in the region. These include subsistence agriculture, plantation crops ,  and capital-intensive agriculture. Subsistence agriculture occurs on most of the Pacific islands and is done to support local communities. Cassava, taro, yams, and sweet potatoes are the most common products of this type of agriculture. Plantation crops are planted on the medium tropical islands while capital-intensive agriculture is practiced mainly in Australia and New Zealand. Economy Fishing is a significant source of revenue because many islands have maritime exclusive economic zones that extend for 200 nautical miles and many small islands have granted permission to foreign countries to fish the region via fishing licenses.   Tourism is also important to Oceania because many of the tropical islands like Fiji offer aesthetic beauty, while Australia and New Zealand are modern cities with modern amenities. New Zealand has also become an area centered on the growing field of ecotourism.

The Responsibility Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Responsibility Project - Essay Example He just put a block of carrot in place of the missing wheel to balance the chair. The film ends with the concern being settled because someone was selfless and became willing to sacrifice in addressing the needs of others before his own. The film illustrates negative behaviours within an organization – avoiding responsibility and passing problems to someone else. It shows how the worker who first had the chair problem refused to resolve it and just tried to get away with it. It was not only him but also his coworkers did the same thing. In an organization, workers have the tendency to deny their mistakes and hide them as much as possible. This negative practice would most likely result to unresolved problems and conflicts. It also defies the importance of teamwork and respect for others. Nevertheless, the value of sacrifice and selflessness was also demonstrated in the film, which was another example of lack of cooperation. The film shows how an office can be a better place if only each individual would show initiative, problem-solving skills, respect and concern for others, and equality. It also shows that a particular burden of an organization should not be the burden of only one person, even though he is w illing to take charge of the problem. The film also targets the negative implications of having unresolved problems or unaddressed issues in an organization. The bad habits illustrated in the film, when tolerated, could put the survival of an organization at risk. It shows that the workers could not really be trusted even with a minor setback such as a dilapidated chair. If these practices strongly exist in an organization, they would create an unhealthy and discouraging work environment. The issues illustrated in the film create awareness among viewers that unhealthy behaviour really exists in organizations, thus, encourages us to make ways to

Global Trade And The Opec Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Global Trade And The Opec - Essay Example World spare capacity fell below 1.5 mbd - the biggest since 1976. Looking ahead, crude oil will probably stay as a primary source of energy in and beyond the next three decades necessitating large upfront investments. Likewise, traditional non-OPEC production is expected to reach its zenith in 2010 due to depletion of current fields and net declines in proven reserves. As such, a substantial quantity of the incremental capacity will have to come from OPEC which today controls around 80% of proven oil reserves. OPEC stands for Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, a stable inter-governmental association composed presently of eleven oil generating and exporting nations from across three continents (America, Asia and Africa). The member countries are Algeria, Indonesia, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates & Venezuela. These nations have an aggregate population of about 545 million and oil is the most important commodity and foreign exchange earner. Therefore, for these countries, oil is the chief element for development - social, political and economic. The income derived from oil is used not only to spread out and inflate their economic and industrial base, it is also utilized to provide their people with jobs, education, health care and a decent standard of living. Primary objectives of the organization include: * the synchronization and bringing together of petroleum policies of member countries and ascertaining the most logical means for protecting their individual and collective interests; *the search for judicious methods to guarantee the stabilization of prices in global oil markets with the view to reduce and eventually do away with destructive and unnecessary fluctuations; and *the need to give an efficient economic and consistent supply of petroleum to consuming countries and a reasonable return of investment to those infusing capital in the petroleum industry. OPEC sets oil production quotas. For one, its Statute requires that it pursues stability and harmony in the petroleum market for the benefit of oil producers and consumers. In response to this, member countries take action on market fundamentals and forecast developments by organizing well and managing prudently their petroleum policies. One simple and probable response is production regulation. If demand increases, or some producers are producing less than what it is expected of them, OPEC can increase its oil production so as to prevent a drastic change/rise in prices. OPEC can also slow down on its production in response to market conditions. Does OPEC control the oil market or does it have the capacity to control the market and influence oil prices Member countries produce about 43% of the world's crude oil and 18% of its natural gas. However, in addition to that, OPEC's oil exports also represent about 51% of the crude oil traded worldwide. Hence, OPEC has a strong influence on the oil market, especially if it decides to reduce or increase its level of production. Crude Oil and Gasoline Prices Several significant components trigger and eventually cause the retail price of gasoline to change over different periods of time. First, price of gasoline strongly

Should Pluto be considered as a Planet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Should Pluto be considered as a Planet - Essay Example In the end around 2700 astronomers agreed that the solar system be divided into two categories called 'Planet' and 'Dwarf Planet'. Pluto being put in the category of 'Dwarf Planet' that means it will no longer be placed in the company of eight planets viz. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. A new distinct class of objects called 'Dwarf planets was decided with Ceres, Pluto and 2003 UB313 (temporary name) being the first three members of this club. When Pluto was discovered, in 1930 astronomers assumed that it had a mass comparable to Earth's. Only gradually, in the ensuing decades, did celestial mechanicals come to realize that this grossly overestimated. Pluto turned out to be less than 1% of Earth's size. With the advent of powerful new telescopes on the ground and in space, planetary astronomy has gone though an exciting development over the past decade and we are bound to find many more dwarf planets in future, if we continue placing them all in the list of 'Planets', in the company of Earth moon then we'll doing injustice to this elite club members having such distinctive features as life, air, water, atmosphere etc. Astronomy, the branch of physics studying celestial bodies, gives room for improvements and evolutions with newer discoveries. Since the time in 1930 when Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto, many similar objects were discovered in the outer solar system, most notably the Trans-Neptunian object Eris which is slightly larger than Pluto. If we continue to treat Pluto as a Planet, it is bound to give room for more debates for including some more names in the list. Pluto is very unlike its inner neighbors, the gas giants Uranus and Neptune. This thought led to the exclusion of Pluto from the refurbished Hayden Planetarium in New York City when it unveiled its spiral planet walk. This goes on to prove that Pluto's place in the list was being doubted for long. We now know of thousands of small icy bodies in a zone called the Kuiper Belt and at least 100 of them are like Pluto. Studies are still on to look for many more. The article states that 'there are two fundamentally different ways to define planets. One is to treat the planets as dynamically interacting ensemble with bodies that perturb each other gravitationally. This approach is what led to Pluto originally being considered as massive as the Earth-to account for the perturbations on Neptune and Uranus that were supposedly the basis of Percival Lowell's prediction of a trans-Neptunian planet. But as the decade rolled by, astronomers realized that apparent irregularities in the motions of the outer planets were attribution to an erroneous mass assigned to Neptune. Pluto, discovered by coincidence roughly where Lowell said it should be, is actually an irrelevant lightweight compared to the main family of planets.' Pluto, Eris and others require to be studied and analyzed further, before we arrive

Strategies Learner Used Facilitate Learning In Workplace

Strategies Learner Used Facilitate Learning In Workplace The aim of this assignment is to reflect on and analyse, strategies used to facilitate learning with a newly qualified member of staff in the authors working environment. The new member of staff will be referred to as the student during this assignment. This paper will show how one particular teaching session relates to theories of learning. Reflection has been defined by Taylor ( 2000 ) as : The throwing back of thoughts and memories, in cognitive acts such as thinking, contemplation, meditation and any other form of attentive consideration, in order to make sense of them, and so make contextually appropriate changes if the required. However, the definitions from Boyd Fales ( 1983 ) and Dewey ( 1996 ), who considers that it is purposeful activity in thinking about an experience, through which learning takes place. Boyd and Fales focus more on self development. Here reflection does not only add to our knowledge but challenges the concepts and theories we hold. Furthermore as a result we dont see more, we see differently. The reflective process is at least to some degree conscious, but may not be verbalized. The author also, believes and agrees with John (2004), that reflection are often triggered by feelings and greatly influences decision making. This emphasises the importance of reflection in practice. The English National Board (ENB) and the Department of Health (DOH) 2001 defined a mentor as: denoting the role of the nurse, midwife or health visitor who facilitates learning and supervises and assesses students in practice setting would seem to be the most appropriate one to use. DOH (2001) identified that mentors need to possess a wide range of skills and to undergo a more robust preparation in order to equip students for their working life in todays modernised, demanding National Health Services (NHS). Although this is the definition that illustrate the entirety of the mentoring role. The author feels this definition gives a somewhat very cold and clinical approach to being a mentor and prefers the following definition by Morton-Cooper and Palmer (2000) who states A mentor is someone who provides an enabling relationship that facilitates anothers personal growth towards competent practice and high standard making the learning experience an enjoyable and mentally fulfilling. Thi s definition encompasses the emotional and personal part of the relationship, whether positive or negative, which the author feels is of utmost importance for a beneficial learning experience for both the learner and the mentor. In ICU, all new members of staff must have completed four weeks of supernumerary period to acquire the necessary knowledge and skills to safely look after a critically ill patient. In planning to teach my student, The author need to accomplish three important aims as discussed by Wong et al, 1998; Conway and McMillan, 2000; (Cited in Jackson and Mannix 2001 p270), Provide student with the opportunity to develop their clinical skills; Integrate theory and practice; and, Assist their socialization into nursing. Prior to undertaking teaching of the student, the author ensured that the student had set a realistic goals and clear learning objectives and also, encouraged to question things that was not clear or difficult to understand. After much consideration based on the students learning needs, it was reciprocally agreed that the skill of zeroing of CVP and Arterial line would be one of the essential skills taught in ICU. The learner expressed the need to learn this particular skills, a nd Rogers (1996) views that learning is accomplished when a person feel a need, makes effort to meet that need, and feels satisfaction with the result of his effort. The student appeared keen to learn, and Hinchcliff (2001), views motivation as the major factor that encourages students to learn, and Oliver and Endersby (1994), sees motivation as one of the most basic conditions for learning. Motivation is heavily influenced by need, and Gross (2005) believes that how the motives underpinning behaviour are interpreted, depend upon the position of the work of a theorist or psychologist. Maslow (1970), while theorising human need, recognised that only when the needs lower down in the hierarchy are satisfied, the higher need will be met. The Intensive Care Unit is often very busy and stressful, and within the role of educator the author was very aware that the learner needed time away from the unit to unwind, as she could be very easily become over tired. On reflection this connects with the evaluation process of Gibbs reflective cycle, in ascertaining what was good about the experience. The Intensive Care Unit has its own coffee lounge away from the unit where tea and coffee is provided. Frequent breaks, comfortable chairs, a television, and availability of refreshments are what Rogers, (cited in Downie 2003) views as necessary for providing human comfort and resulting in meeting physiological needs. Maslows theory made a significant contribution of humanist thinking and the self actualization. The learning outcomes developed from our discussion were for the student to; Increase knowledge of zeroing CVP/Arterial Lines; Prepare resources and equipment correctly with minimal prompting or assistance; Carrying out the procedure using aseptic technique, efficiently and record the nursing procedure in the care plan or patient record. In order to do this, the author needed to look at the nature of the learning process. It is therefore crucial when setting out to undertake a mentoring role that there is an understanding of the way the adults learn. Learning can be defined formally as the act, process, or experience of gaining knowledge or skills (Conner, 1997). Facilitation of learning is defined by the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) as a well-planned learning opportunity with the provision to coach and support students (RCN, 2002). This is supported by the Department of Health (DOH), which adds that facilitation of learning allows students to develop opportunities to identify experiences that meet their learning needs (DOH, 2001). Facilitation of adult learning is described by Banning (Cited on Warren 2010) as the ideas and theories that are accredited to prior experiences which need to be complemented by interaction and adult-orientated strategies. A successful mentor is able to transform previous experiences via experimental learning, enabling the student to make sense and learn from the experiences gained. However, facilitating student learning is not always easy in practice. Garrison et al (2004) remind us that while teaching the nursing leaders of the future, we do so in chaotic setting which is, in effect, an unhelpful learning environment. More recently, Swinny and Brady (2010) found that, on a ward setting, mentors have difficulty finding time to teach because of the busy and demanding nature of clinical environment. The premise that a student must have the desire to learn in order that learning that can take place seems obvious, but there are many elements of learning that can affect the desire to learn (Hinhcliff, 2001). Motivation is a major factor that manages students to further their knowledge. (Hinhcliff, 2001), and (Oliver and Endersby, 1994) support this view by believing motivation to be, one of the most basic conditions for learning to take place. An understanding of some theories is helpful to a mentor as it provides them with an opportunity to examine their own beliefs and assumptions about people, knowledge, motivation, environment, assessment and other factors necessary with learning (Nicklin and Kenworthy, 2000). Learning help us move from novice to expert and allow us to gain new knowledge and ability. (Benner, 1984). These theories provide framework for studying the processes associated with learning. Learning theories of behaviourism, cognitivism and humanism have attempted to provide explanation about learning that apply to people in general. In order to see the full potential in learning, knowledge of such theories is crucial to the success of the individual learner. Behaviourism argue that nearly all behaviour is learned. It is based on what is refered to as stimulus /response learning and originates with the russian psychologist, Pavlovs work with the dogs whereby he linked one stimulus meat powder to a second st imulus, the sound of a bell. This produced a salivation response and ultimately the dogs would salivate at the sound of the bell even in the absence of the meat powder. This experimentation produced Pavlovs theory of Classical Conditioning (McKenna 1995). The social learning theory developed by Albert Bandura could be useful within the affective areas of nursing in as much as the mentor behaves in ways he wants the learner to imitate, as a role modelling (Knowles, 1990). He stressed the importance of modelling other behaviours, which is known as observational learning (cited by Bahn, 2001). Because it encompasses attention, memory and motivation, social learning theory spans both cognitive and behavioural frameworks. Humanism developed during the 1950s and 1960s as an alternative to psychoanalysis and behaviourism, movements which until then dominated psychology. This perspective emphasises the importance of self. It advocates student centred learning related to each ones own unique experiences, Teachers are seen as facilitators of learning, rather than the expert handing down knowledge and understanding (Quinn, 2000). A day was planned in advance when the teaching would take place. The author had met on several occasions with the student therefore an introduction had been made. The author felt that effective communication is essential to facilitate learning, therefore adapted a friendly and approachable manner. This view is supported by McKimm, J. (2007) who believes the learner is able to express their views and make errors when a sociable atmosphere is set and maintained. McKimm, J. (2007) also discusses the concept of teaching by humiliation and the author is very aware from past experience, of the negative effect of power relations, and so becoming more sensitive to the needs of the student. As a good example, the student had seen the procedure of zeroing the CVP line, carried out previously as a part of the daily routine with the mentor/author but had neither performed it nor understood the relevance of it. i i

Hypertension Causes And Treatments Health And Social Care Essay

The most common medical status and taking cause of decease in Ireland today is Hypertension, accounting for about 1/3 of the entire figure of deceases and killing about 10,000 people each twelvemonth. Hypertension or high blood force per unit area is where the force of the blood against the arterial walls as it circles the organic structure is more forceful than it should be. It is the chief cause of decease in Ireland due to the fact that it is a status that normally gives no symptoms, and goes unnoticed unless it is checked on a regular basis or when a wellness job arises. It is the deficiency of symptoms that gives the status its other name The Silent Killer. To look into entire blood force per unit area a measuring of both systolic and diastolic force per unit area must be taken. Systolic force per unit area measures the blood force per unit area while the bosom beats and diastolic force per unit area measures the blood force per unit area while the bosom rests. Normal blood forc e per unit area is considered to be 120/80 mmHg, 120 being the measuring of systolic end product and 80 being measuring of the diastolic end product. Today, there are 4 classs of blood force per unit area ; normal, pre-hypertension, high blood pressure stageI and high blood pressure stageII. Normal blood force per unit area as stated antecedently is 120/80, pre-hypertension is considered to be between 121-139 systolic and 80-89 diastolic while both phases of high blood pressure are 140 systolic or higher with 90 diastolic or higher.blood-pressure.gifThe statusWith Hypertension, as stated antecedently both the systolic and diastolic may be inveterate higher than 140/90mmHg or merely one of the measurings may be inveterate higher than the normal figure. Hypertension is split into 2 different blood force per unit area classs ; high blood pressure phase I and high blood pressure phase II. Phase I flatly has a systolic of between 140 and 159 with a diastolic of 90 to 99 while phase II is marked by a systolic reading of 160 or higher with a diastolic of 100 or more. There are 2 types of high blood pressure, the first is called indispensable high blood pressure and the second is called secondary high blood pressure. Essential or primary high blood pressure is high blood force per unit area with no identified cause while secondary high blood pressure is high blood force per unit area caused by another implicit in status or the medicine used to handle it. When sing the pathogenesis of primary high blood pressure, the alteration in systemic vasculature could be as a consequence of continuously increased blood volume, cardiac end product or strictly due to sustained lift of the systemic vascular opposition. The increased opposition is as a consequence of a decrease in diameter of the lms and thickener of the walls of immune blood vass. Vascular tone is besides another factor to take into consideration when sing pathogenesis as surveies show that vascular endothelium of p atients with high blood pressure produce really small azotic oxide. Nitric oxide is the organic structure ‘s natural vasodilative but due to the decrease in production the vascular smooth musculus becomes less sensitive to its activity. This deficiency of azotic oxide and desensitized smooth musculus coupled with increased production of endothelin can take to enhanced vasoconstriction of the vascular tissue. This vasoconstriction causes the arterial walls to go more stiff and to increase opposition to the flow of blood, which in bend causes the bosom to crush more forcefully. The stiffening of the arterial walls besides leads to a wider pulsation which is a characteristic of stray systolic high blood pressure which is where the systolic reading is 140 but the diastolic reading is still below 90.blood_vessel.gifCausesToday, indispensable high blood pressure histories for more than 90 % of all high blood pressure related instances while secondary high blood pressure viz. account s for the remainder. The cause of indispensable high blood pressure is unknown but there are 7 factors that could potentially be responsible for this type of blood force per unit area. These are a high salt diet, age, ethnicity such as African American, Renal inadequacy, weight jobs, genetic sciences and susceptibleness. Secondary high blood pressure is less common but is by and large a consequence of an implicit in status or due to medicine ; some implicit in causes include nephritic inadequacy, thyroid inadequacy, gestation, emphasis and many more. Nephritic arteria stricture is the narrowing of the nephritic arteria lms, this consequences in a decrease of force per unit area in the arteriola and a decrease in nephritic perfusion. This decrease in nephritic perfusion and bottleneck of the arteria stimulates the release of chymosin which increases the concentration of the endocrines angiotensin II and aldosterone. The addition in these endocrines consequences in the increased consu mption of Na and H2O therefore increasing the blood volume taking to high blood pressure due to the Frank-Starling mechanism. The pathogenesis of hyperaldosteronism is similar to that of nephritic arteria stricture, as the increased secernment of aldosterone consequences in increased Na and H2O uptake therefore increasing the blood volume and cardiac end product. The Frank-Starling mechanism is physiologically involved in equilibrating the end product of the 2 ventricles of the bosom ; it is the Black Marias ability to alter its force of contraction therefore altering the shot volume as a response to alterations in the venous return. An illustration of this is an addition in end product of the right ventricle would take to an addition in the flow into the left ventricle. Without the Frank-Starling mechanism to respond to the instability so a major malfunction would occur.primary hyperaldosteronism One of the most prevailing links with secondary high blood pressure in today ‘s society is stress. It acts as an indirect cause of the status by repeatedly exciting the sympathetic nervous system ; this overstimulation leads to big sums of vasoconstricting endocrines such as noradrenaline to be released. Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system due to emphasize besides increases the go arounding angiotonin II, antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone degrees. The changeless and perennial bottleneck of the arterias due to increased cardiac end product and vascular opposition elevates the blood force per unit area. On top of the sympathetic nervous system stimulation, emphasis besides stimulates the adrenal myelin to bring forth more catecholamines such as noradrenaline and adrenaline. It is the combination of increased catecholamines and angiotonin II that maintains the elevated blood force per unit area doing the high blood pressure.Conventional interventionTo handle the statu s it is frequently necessary to look at the underlying cause if any and to seek dainty that where possible. For indispensable high blood pressure there is no identifiable cause so the intervention program is test and mistake, while with secondary high blood pressure ; the implicit in status that is seting emphasis on the bosom can be treated with the hopes that it will relieve the strain. There are 4 chief categories of antihypertensive drugs these are ; Diuretics, vasodilatives, sympathetic nervous system suppressers and rennin-angiotensin system drugs. Diuretic drugs such as Thiazides, K sparing and cringle are the chief types used in the intervention of high blood pressure. They are frequently called ‘water pills ‘ as they act on the kidneys to increase the riddance of Na and H2O from the organic structure in order to diminish blood volume. Vasodilators are another of import class of drugs in the intervention of high blood pressure as they help in the relaxation of the musculuss in the blood vass. Calcium channel adversaries ( blockers ) and potassium channel agonists are 2 chief illustrations of vasodilatives used to handle high blood pressure. The Ca channel blockers aid in the relaxation by barricading the Ca conductivity of L type Ca channels on vascular smooth musculus. K+ channel agonists on the other manus do local relaxation of smooth musculus by increasing the permeableness of the membrane to K+ ions. The activation of K ions switches off the Ca channels therefore halting the production of action potencies. Alpha and beta blockers/ adversaries are 2 chief sympathetic nervous system suppressers or peripheral sympatholytic drugs used in the intervention of high blood pressure. The alpha adversary blocks the alpha receptors in the smooth musculus of peripheral arterias which blocks the mechanism of contraction through the IP3 signal transduction tract therefore cut downing the blood force per unit area. The beta antagonists nevertheless, merely act on cut downing the cardiac end product and are found to be non so effectual on their ain and so they are by and large prescribed with the usage of water pills like the Thiazides. Alpha agonists are the 3rd type of sympathetic nervous system suppresser or centrally acting sympatholytic drugs, they block the sympathetic activity of the encephalon by adhering to the alpha 2 receptor and triping it. This activation of the alpha 2 receptor reduces the escape to the bosom therefore diminishing the cardiac end product, bosom rate and contraction. By an d large the alpha agonists are prescribed in concurrence with water pills due to the drugs unstable accretion side effects which when left untreated can take to cell hydrops. The last class of drugs used to handle high blood pressure is the Renin-angiotensin targeting drugs. The 2 chief aiming drugs used are ACE inhibitors and angiotonin II receptor adversaries. ACE inhibitors or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors ; barricade the enzyme from bring forthing angiotonin II which is responsible for the narrowing of blood vass and stimulation of endocrines that raise blood force per unit area. By barricading this enzyme, the blood vass remain relaxed and blood force per unit area remains normal. On the other manus, the angiotonin II receptor adversaries block the action of angiotonin non the formation therefore the blood vass remain relaxed.Herbal and complementary interventionIn today ‘s medical universe, diet and exercising are the best recommended interventions where possible or when medicine can be avoided. Simple things such as to discontinue smoke, exerting for 30 proceedingss a twenty-four hours, restricting salt and intoxicant consumption, eating a bosom healthy diet and cut downing emphasis are all things that could dramatically take down blood force per unit area. Addendums in the diet are another friendly manner of lower blood force per unit area, addendums such as omega3 fish and pod liver oils, coenzyme Q10, ALA, Allium sativum, Ca and chocolate are all indicated for the intervention of high blood pressure. Where addendums and diet do n't hold the desired efficaciousness, herbs can assist hike the effects or can even be used in concurrence with prescribed anti-hypertensive medicines.

Does Language Determine or Limit Thought? Essay

Life is divided between things that can make you feel, emotions, and things that make you think, thoughts.1 Language is the primary way for humans to express these feelings of thought and emotion. Language can be any form of communication that has a specific meaning which is conveyed to other people.2 With this, we are able to share ideas, knowledge, and skills. But can we express these feelings without language? If so, how can we? If not, then does language fully determine thought and is it the only factor which determines it? This essay will evaluate and answer these knowledge issues to resolve the extent to which language determines or limits thought. Verbal and written communications are often considered as the main methods to express language. However, facial expressions, eye contact, sign language and many others are also forms of language, non-verbal language.3 But many different questions arise regarding these other forms of communication. Are there different limits on thought using the other forms of communication? Also, are the same factors that limit thought applied to more than one form of communication? Written language for instance, can include ambiguity, vagueness, sarcasm, metaphors and irony.4 These are all used to create an effect in conveying the message. An ambiguous sentence can have a number of different meanings, therefore different people might comprehend the sentence in a different way from others. Does age play a role in how the sentence is comprehended? Will it be understood the same way by a seven year old as by a thirty year old? These questions often occur when dealing with written language, showing that it can cause limits in thought. On the other hand, these can also apply to verbal language, if the person spoke without emotion. However, verbal language can include a variety of different tones, volume, pitch, and pauses, which all affect the way it is understood. Even silence can be considered as a language, to display anger towards someone.5 Another example showing sarcasm would be if my father told me that I was a thoughtful son. I might think that I am thoughtful or that I am not. However, do these techniques apply to all people equally? If this was said to me, I will probably understand the true meaning to the sentence, but if this was said to my seven year old sister, she would take the literal meaning of this sentence and think she is thoughtful. This proves that to different people and ages, language can limit their thought to a certain extent. It has been proven that language might limit thought to different people at different ages, but will this apply to deaf and mute people? Deaf people find it difficult to speak and mute people cannot speak at all. Without verbal language, they cannot express their thoughts, so does this mean that their thought is limited? Their form of communication, mainly sign language, is also a form of language, partly because it has the word language in its name and partly because a message can be conveyed with this method. 6 It is true that they cannot express most of their feelings without verbal language, but their thought is not fully limited as they can still use sign language. Therefore, although different forms of communication have different factors that limit thought, some of these factors apply to more than one form of communication, like sarcasm applies to verbal and written. But, even though some forms of communication have the same factors that limit thought, one form might be more effective in conveying the message than others, like how verbal can be spoken with a specific tone to convey sarcasm. There are many ways to communicate to a person and these are all a type of language. Animals do not communicate in words but in different ways. Both humans and animals use a form of communication to express their thoughts. Humans can use many forms of communication such as verbal or written but all animals use a different method. For example, dolphins use echolocation clicks to communicate to different dolphins or detect detailed information from the world around them.8 Therefore, we cannot express feelings and convey messages without language as a form of language is required to achieve this. Some think language is the main means of thought, as we think with language and communicate using it. This proves that it determines thought as the use of language requires thought and to express these thoughts we require language. The only case where this might not be true is for a sudden reaction. For example, if my father bought my younger sister a toy, she would instantly hug him. This also applies to instant reactions such as a reflex when touching a hot stove. This is because we do not think to ourselves that we should move our hand away from it but this happens instantly without the use of language. Supporting this view is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis which states that language determines thought. But it also states that the individuals thought is determined by their native language, which changes the way the individual interprets and views the world. If so, can someone learn a new language easier if there are corresponding words in their native language? My mother proved this when teaching my daughter some English words. By telling the words in our native language Urdu first, then the corresponding word in English, my sister was able to learn the words quicker. However, some thoughts in one language cannot be expressed equally in other languages.

Profile Essay About A Person Example

Profile Essay About A Person Example Profile Essay About A Person – Essay Example Perhaps if there is an individual who really caught everybody’s attention during these past few weeks, that would be Steve Jobs especially with his resignation from Apple Inc. The way he has reshaped the computing, music and mobile phone business was revolutionary that he is chosen to the subject of this profile essay. But what we would write about him is not about how he co-founded Apple Inc. or how he invented iPod and iPhone but his little eccentricities that makes him a mortal just like everyone else. Steve Jobs is known to be a perfectionist and could be the toughest boss that one will have as quoted by NeXT cofounder Danl Lewin in Fortune. But he also makes mistakes like being not proud of how he handled his lovechild with a former girlfriend Chrisann Brennan. He initially denied paternity of his daughter that she was even briefly raised on welfare. This is quite odd considering that he is the 42nd most wealthiest man in America. He is not also known to be a philanthropi st like his Microsoft rival Bill Gates. When he assumed as CEO at Apple Inc., he abolished all the philanthropy program of the company. He is not also known to be a graceful competitor as he is known to have enmity with Dell Computer’s CEO, Michael Dell. Steve Jobs eating habit is also not mainstream. He is a pescetarian. He only eats fish meat that includes vegetables. Steve might have been painted as a demi-god in the technology industry but knowing these little peculiarities about him makes us realize that he is just after all, a human being just like everyone else.

The Fashion Industry Battles Anorexia

The Fashion Industry Battles Anorexia Free Online Research Papers â€Å"Anorexia nervosa is a medical condition in which an individual reaches fifteen percent under their expected body weight. The average model is twenty- three percent below their expected body weight† (Thompson). The fashion industry today is filled with women wearing sizes zero and two. Young girls aspire to be just like these women, a feat that is unattainable while maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Anorexia is on the rise and the fashion industry needs to step up and show girls how to be healthy and beautiful. People with anorexia have an unexplainable loss of appetite. The main cause of anorexia is a diet that spirals dangerously out of control. Anorexics usually attempt to limit their calorie intake to 200 or 400 calories per day. This is considerably low since the average person requires two-thousand calories per day to maintain a healthy lifestyle (Cotter 10). The effects of anorexia are alarming. One in ten people who suffer from anorexia die, due to starvation, cardiac arrest, or suicide (Hoffman). â€Å"Eating disorders have more than doubled since the 1960s†(Terzieff). According to a Philadelphia-based Renfrew Center Foundation survey, 47 percent of U.S. females between fifth and twelfth grade say they wish they could lose weight. Also 60 percent of the same group say that magazines influence what they think of the perfect body type (Terzieff). Everyday young girls are bombarded with new diet ads, ensuring them if they lose weight they can be happy. While they flip through their favorite magazine, size zero and size two appear on every page. Young girls believe this is normal and that everyone should be able to achieve the â€Å"media’s perfect body image.† The media is shaping the minds of young girls around the world. Tyra Banks often talks openly about the pressures to be thin that she faced while in the modeling industry. She says that â€Å"she’s happy that she doesn’t have to live up to that model standard anymore.† Natalia Vodianova (a former super model) also says that â€Å"After I started modeling I began to hate my body- no matter how thin I got.† These are perfect examples of how the fashion industry forces young girls to be to thin (â€Å"Skinny Scandal† 149). This is not healthy for the models, or for the young girls looking up to them. The fashion industry constantly refuses that they are at fault for any health related issues. Yet, Janice Dickinson (a former super model and now an agency owner) said â€Å"I’m dying to find kids who are too thin. I’ve got 42 models in my agency, and I’m trying to get them to lose weight. In fact, I wish they’d come down with some anorexia† (â€Å"Skinny Scandal† 149). The industry is constantly pressuring young girls to lose weight. Usually a healthy diet just does not show the results the models need so they resort to not eating at all. The fashion industry also claims that there is no evidence that correlates them with anorexia, yet many young models have died of anorexia related problems. Ana Carolina Reston is a young model that passed from this terrible eating disorder. The size six model started modeling in Sao Paulo, Brazil where she was told she was too fat. She was determined to make it, so she secretly stopped eating. On November 14th of last year, she finally got her big break. She was on the cover of magazines all across Brazil and the world. â€Å"Soon she made headlines across the globe, not for her modeling but for dying of anorexic related problems.† Reston went from a size six to a size two and the change was blatantly obvious. She began to feel pain in her kidneys around October. Later the doctors found out she was living off tomatoes and fruit juice. She was admitted to the hospital on October 25. She spent her last 21 days in an intensive care unit. Her death certificate reads cause of dea th as â€Å"multiple organ failure, septicemia, and urinary infection† (â€Å"Everyone Knew she was Ill†). Reston was not the only model to die from an eating disorder. Weeks before her death Luisel Ramos â€Å"suffered a heart attack thought to be the result of anorexia.† The model was a size 00, or the typical waist size of a seven-year old (â€Å"Everyone Knew she was Ill†). Also in the same year, three South African models died due to anorexia-related problems (â€Å"Skinny Scandal†). Not only models are dieing from anorexia, employees at the Cygnet Hospital Eating Disorder Unit see deaths and hardships everyday. These people strongly believe that the fashion industry is a huge component in the continuing increases in cases of anorexia. One patient said â€Å"You look at them and think, God, I wish I looked like that.† An employee commented â€Å"Seeing waif-like models didn’t cause their disorders, but they certainly exacerbated the process.† Also, Bryan Lask, one of Britain’s leading authorities on eating disorders was quoted â€Å"The massive increase in eating disorders in the last twenty years has to be attributed to the pressure to be thin† (Henry). The fashion industry should follow several examples that some institutes have made. On September 13, 2006, Madrid Fashion Week set a ban on underweight models. This was the first time a large-scale fashion show set a weight limit in a healthy direction. In order for models to be in the 2006 Madrid Fashion Show, they needed to be in alliance with the â€Å"World Health Organization guidelines for healthy height-to weight rations used to calculate a person’s body mass index, which estimates the portion of fat in the body† (Terzieff). Organizers of the Madrid fashion week wanted to â€Å"project an image of beauty and heath, rather than a heroin chic look.† The Madrid’s regional government placed the rule that stated no models under a BMI (body mass index) of eighteen would be allowed to participate in the Madrid Fashion Show (â€Å"Skinny Models Banned†). The decision by the Madrid government turned controversial quickly. Thirty percent of the models who formerly participated in the show were disqualified under the new rule. The fashion industry immediately split into two groups, those for the new rule and those against. Cathy Gould, New York Agency Director, stated â€Å"The ban was outrageous and discriminatory to naturally slim models.† Even though the ban didn’t change everyone in the fashion industry mind on what is healthy, Milan, Edinburgh, and India, hosts of premiere fashion shows jumped on the band wagon. They placed the 18 BMI rule in their shows immediately after the Madrid incident (Terzieff). Madrid Fashion Week made a positive impact on the fashion industry and encouraged good health around the world. The fashion industry should follow the examples of the shows that require a healthy living rule. The industry is setting an unattainable ideal for young girls around the globe, causing them to fall into a trap of low self esteem and self doubt. Lynn Grefe, the executive officer of the Seattle-based Nation Eating Disorders Association, says it best â€Å"The worst part is that the images being portrayed in popular culture are completely unrealistic, airbrushed, manipulated†¦.while putting a lot of pressure on young people to look a certain way† (Terzieff). Research Papers on The Fashion Industry Battles AnorexiaArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)The Fifth HorsemanPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenDefinition of Export QuotasAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementTrailblazing by Eric AndersonMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesHip-Hop is Art

Statistics on Defensive efficiancy for NBA Basketball Research Paper

Statistics on Defensive efficiancy for NBA Basketball - Research Paper Example The records are for 30 top defensive teams. The first team attains two points after a vote while the second team attains a vote following a vote. Test hypothesis This is a methodology used in statistics for the purpose of decision making using the data. This data could be from a planned observational study or a normal study. In reference to statistics, the results for the hypothesis test is termed as statistically significant if the outcome is unlikely to appear by chance only, this is according to the pre-determined probability (threshold), in a significant level. The term significance test was designed by fisher Ronald. Further tests of the kinds may be referred to as significance tests, and when these tests are accessible, we can learn whether the first sample is different from the second. Data confirmatory analysis is another term used to refer to hypothesis testing; this is contrary to data explanatory analysis. Testing statistical hypothesis is very important especially in stat istical inference (Best Joel, 2009). In other terms, this test is similar to a criminal trial; the defendant cannot be termed as guilt before the plaintiff has given supportive information to rule that. In statistics, these includes minor error; both entry and data collection. This is applied just as the prosecutor tries to evaluate the extent of guilt of the defendant. Only after enough evaluation that we can term the data suit for further statistical analysis. The first data is termed as the null hypothesis while the second is called alternative hypothesis. The first data is the one under test. Innocent hypothesis occurs when error is unlikely to occur, but minor analyses are needed because we cannot make assumptions that the data is suit for analysis. Below are the sample mean of the statistical data: The above result acts as a Test Hypotheses for statistical purposes of the data. From a physical analysis of the data, it seems to be ideal for further analytical review. This data avail pairs of data for analysis; in reference to annual results, we can note some reduction in the overall performance among the teams, other comparisons that can be made are also available, that is the game number and the rest. We can also find a mean in reference to the teams, which is the team that had the highest points in the combination of all the six games (Lindley David, 2001). The distribution of variables The available variables are these sets of data are in four pairs. In reference to this data, it is impossible to calculate the standard deviation because the data is quite complex and has many variables and entries where you need to considered more than two entries to get the mean. Standard deviation is calculator able where we are calculating to what extent the entries have deviated to the mean (Best Joel, 2009). From the variable, we can see that we can compare them vertically and horizontally. We can argue on the basis on the mean; the trend seems to increase down the cells among different teams. In this case, we will calculate the standard deviation from the mean of year 2010 for statistical purposes. Analysis for the year 2010 Mean 1.03807 Standard deviation 0.03221 Variance 0.00104 Population standard deviation 0.03167 Variance (population standard deviation) 0.001 (NBA Basketball, 2010) Statistical Inference In statistics, this means the process of designing and drawing conclusions from a specific data. In this, the main objective is to point

Urban Planning Perspectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Urban Planning Perspectives - Essay Example Urban Planning Perspectives As the notion of new urbanism in relative to up to designated day architecture and built-up planning?" Consequently, I discovered the causes of scholarly texts, and meetings with present localized practices to support my study on comprehending the New Urbanism utilized in up to date practice. However, when an individual conceives of all the components that make up the town, village, abruptly noise perplexing - and it is.Until then, the town has developed up very often, because they were required, and surrounding land has easily been absorbed. London, Paris, Tokyo - no one of these towns were much built-up planning, and even now, locations and roads in their older parts can bewilder even the locals. Discussion Urban planning and became well liked because of the increasing require for manufacturer employees in a wholesome environment, rather than stuffing them into a blaze trick buildings. With the advent of trade unions, solicitors who work to assist impel for better lodgings conditions. Thus, the "mill village" and "villages have been" leapt in large-scale cities. Currently, built-up planning wrappings all facets of the town into account. It encompasses designs for security, aesthetics and position general sense of everything from dwellings to factories. Parents manage no t desire their young children playing beside the remedy vegetation water, for demonstration, built-up planning, and assists eliminate these problems. Architecture appealing goals for structures in the town have been put in location and a pleasing green space is planned. Good built-up planning gets schools in localities where they are most required, rather than of the clinic in a centralized position, permits you to evolve designs for streets, respectively. Perhaps a good built-up planning is most apparent in the well designed street in the city. Anticipating traffic development and demand in the large-scale town is crucial. Planners should address how future development will sway traffic and seeking to correct difficulties before they become a problem. Even the setting up of sewerage and drainage is an absolutely crucial component of built-up planning, (Hebbert 1983) a far less glamorous. Planners should address the position, groundwater, and numerous other characteristics of the co untryside of the town to design amply for this need. Because so numerous disciplines are a broader notion of built-up planning, an assembly of planners can have very distinct degrees: municipal technology, architecture, botany, countryside architecture, electric technology, enterprise management, and so on. Planners who are adept, that they are very treasured by the municipal authorities. If built-up planning is utilized competently, the town more appealing and assist its people to better their potential. Over the last 20 years we have skilled the restructure action in perform that the new urbanism. Some architects and designers, new urbanism has been influential in up to date architecture and urbanism. Other practitioners manage not share this outlook and believe the new urbanism had no important result on metropolitan towns and more prosperous suburban areas. This study will analyze how the notion of new urbanism assisted to the present performs of architecture. For this reason, t his study will contrast and compare investigations and individual anecdotes considering the notion of new urbanism (Goodchild 2004). The study will analyze the influence of new urbanism to the common measures of built-up development, for example community development, multi-residential, transport, learning, public relatives, defense of countryside’s and financial enterprises. Electronic explorations of databases associated to